Structured data: the details
Schema.org was created in 2011 by Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Yandex. The format Google recommends is JSON-LD: a block of data inside the page, separate from the visible HTML. With it you declare, for example, that a piece of text is a product’s price, that an address belongs to the organization or that a list is the breadcrumb trail.
It serves two purposes. The first is eligibility for rich results: price and availability, ratings, breadcrumbs, events. The second, less visible, is helping machines relate the page to known entities. The rule allows no shortcuts: what you mark up has to be on the page and be true. Marking up invented reviews or content the user can’t see violates Google’s guidelines and can end in a manual action.